生产竹胶粘浆粕的实践和探讨

该文对竹类的生长和化学组成及其竹纤维特性进行分析，并结合南纸公司竹粘胶浆粕生产实际对竹粘胶浆粕制浆工艺、操作要点进行技术总结。     

化学机械法制浆全过程水污染源的等标污染负荷解析

采用等标污染负荷法对化学机械法制浆过程各工序的废水量及主要特征水污染物种类、浓度和存在状态进行定量解析。结果表明,备料工序主要水污染物是COD、悬浮物（SS）和BOD;木片洗涤、挤压撕裂、螺旋压榨、筛选净化浓缩工序的主要水污染物是BOD、COD和SS;主要污染源集中在筛选净化浓缩和螺旋压榨工序,其中筛选净化浓缩工序等标污染负荷比为50.12%～51.17%,螺旋压榨工序为43.40%～44.21%,这2个工序等标污染负荷比累计达到90%以上;全过程主要水污染物为BOD、COD和SS,累计负荷比达到了80%以上,是废水治理的重点关注对象。该研究结果可为典型化学机械法制浆生产全过程水污染物的环境影响程度评价和管理控制提供有效依据。     

提高竖炉使用寿命的生产实践

针对竖炉在生产过程中造成的耐火材料损耗,通过对竖炉炉体砌筑方式及顶部防撞铜块的改造,在不改变竖炉砌筑成本的前提下,增加了炉体的耐冲击性,延长了竖炉的使用寿命,同时具备了废铜模、溜槽铜等大块物料的处理能力,大量节约了耐火材料及大块物料的处理费用。     

Graded replacement of corn grain with molassed sugar beet pulp modulates the fecal microbial community and hindgut fermentation profile in lactating dairy cows

High starch lactation diets not only enhance the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis but also of hindgut acidosis, which increases the risk of dysbiosis and the depression of fiber degradation. We recently showed that replacing corn with molassed sugar beet pulp (Bp) improved fiber degradation in high-producing dairy cattle, possibly because of an improvement of rumen and hindgut conditions for microbes by Bp feeding. However, little is known about the effects of high inclusion rates of Bp on hindgut microbes and fermentation. Thus fecal grab samples were taken from 18 high-yielding Simmental cows after 28 d of feeding 3 different levels of Bp (n = 6) for bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. In addition, the reticular pH was continuously monitored with indwelling sensors and eating and ruminating behavior was evaluated with noseband sensors. The Bp inclusion rates were 0 g/kg (i.e., no Bp inclusion as control, CON), 120 g/kg (12Bp), or 240 g/kg (24Bp) replacing corn grain and limestone on a dry matter basis. The amount of time spent eating and ruminating was unaffected by Bp level, and the daily fluctuation in the reticular pH was reduced by 25% with Bp inclusion from 0.8 in the CON diet to 0.6 in 24Bp fed animals. Also, the fecal pH tended to increase with dietary Bp inclusion. Fecal acetate production showed a quadratic tendency with the lowest concentration (58.9%) of the total short-chain fatty acid in the 12Bp treatment. Inclusion of Bp up to 24% of the diet decreased the fecal butyrate proportion by 27%. The Shannon diversity index was increased from 5.50 to 8.09 with dietary Bp inclusion indicating increased species diversity. Of the 200 most abundant operational taxonomic units, 25 were increased by dietary Bp inclusion, whereas 15 were decreased and 7 were quadratically affected. The second most abundant group was proposed taxon “CF231” of the family Paraprevotellaceae. Although it accounted for only 2.52% of the operational taxonomic units in the CON diet, it was increased by 64% with dietary Bp inclusion. The largest relative change in the abundance was found for the genus Fibrobacter that increased more than 14-fold from 0.04% (CON) to 0.66% (24Bp). In conclusion, feeding molassed sugar beet pulp as partial substitution of corn up to 240 g/kg is a viable alternative that promotes ruminal and hindgut fermentation by supporting physiological pH and bacterial diversity.     

玄武岩短纤维-芳纶浆粕/氯丁橡胶复合材料的制备与性能

以氯丁橡胶（CR）为基体,改性玄武岩短纤维（BSF）和芳纶浆粕（AP）作为增强相,制备了高强度、高模量的BSF-AP/CR复合材料,系统地研究了BSF和AP对BSF-AP/CR复合材料基本物理性能、动态力学性能和动刚度的影响。采用超声波辅助γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH550）对BSF进行了改性,通过FTIR测试显示KH550与BSF表面基团发生了反应。通过SEM观察发现,改性BSF与CR界面相容性较好,易于分散和取向,而AP锚固在CR基体中,取向度不如BSF高;随着BSF与AP质量比值减小,BSF-AP/CR复合材料的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和屈挠性能降低,耐撕裂性能和耐磨性能变好。采用弹性体材料测试系统（MTS）测试复合材料的动刚度。结果表明,BSF与AP质量比越小,BSF-AP/CR复合材料的动刚度越大,说明AP对BSF-AP/CR复合材料动刚度贡献大。动态力学性能显示,AP用量越多,BSF-AP/CR复合材料的储能模量（G'）越高,Payne效应越明显,而阻尼因子越小,说明AP有良好的模量-滞后平衡效应。当BSF与AP质量比为10:10时,BSF-AP/CR复合材料的综合性能较好。      

高得率浆H2O2漂白废液循环利用

研究桦木高得率浆的H2O2漂白废液循环利用对漂白效果的影响。结果表明：H2O2漂白废液循环利用对漂后浆料白度无不利影响,对返黄值有一定影响,可以节约用水量和降低对环境的污染。H2O2漂白废液循环利用是可行的。     

基于COMSOL的纸浆模塑干燥模拟及验证

目的 研究采用COMSOL Multiphysics模拟纸浆模塑干燥效率及厚度变化的可行性。方法 基于多孔介质理论,应用有限元仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics建立纸浆模塑干基含水率随时间变化的热湿、水分流动、非等温流动多物理场耦合模型,考虑干燥中含湿多孔介质的湿空气热对流及多孔基体的热传导,模拟在热板加热条件下纸浆模塑的干燥效率和厚度的变化,并与实验结果进行比较。结果 模型内域探针所得模拟结果与实验结果具有良好的一致性,在干燥后期厚度预测误差范围为0.4%～7.7%,干燥效率预测差异值最低为4.3%。结论 采用COMSOL Multiphysics模拟纸浆模塑干燥过程可行。     

提高纸浆和纸质量的新方法——用温和的高锰酸钾溶液处理成浆

报导了用高锰酸钾溶液处理漂白针叶木浆和蔗渣浆,以提高纸浆和纸质量,用0.25%～2%高锰酸钾(以纸浆重量为基准)溶液漂白后打浆的浆料明显改进纸页性质,即提高裂断长和白度。漂白针叶木浆经温和的高锰酸钾溶液处理可降低聚合度(DP)32%,氧化后半纤维素和较低DP浆料起着提高纸页强度作用,裂断长增加25%。漂白蔗渣浆经温和的高锰酸钾处理也能提高纸页裂断长和白度。     

中国电弧炉发展现状及趋势

阐述了中国电弧炉发展的现状,分析了炼钢技术的发展趋势及制约我国电弧炉发展的因素。在此基础上介绍了电弧炉炼钢的原料、能源状况,指出未来我国废钢供应量和电能富余量将增加,有利于发展电弧炉炼钢流程。同时分析了新型电弧炉的使用情况,指出了电弧炉炼钢技术的发展趋势。     

马铃薯渣中提取果胶的工艺优化及产品成分分析

为优化超声辅助提取马铃薯渣中果胶的工艺参数,在单因素试验基础上,采用五因素(1/2实施)二次回归正交旋转组合设计对影响果胶得率的5个主要因素(超声功率、提取温度、提取时间、pH值和料液比)进行优化。建立各因素与果胶得率关系的数学模型,并进行响应面分析。结果表明,超声波提取马铃薯渣中果胶的优化工艺为超声功率300W、提取温度80℃、提取时间47.6min、pH1.8、料液比1:21(g/mL),在此条件下,马铃薯渣果胶得率达到15.76%。测定最优工艺条件下提取的果胶产品的主要成分,各项指标均达到国标和行业标准的要求。